Melbourne’s early history is full of surprises. Before its transformation by the gold rush, the settlement was an ambitious township which had already endured one great land boom and bust. Prosperity returned, and the foundations of today’s city and suburbs were laid. For the first time, this book by a distinguished historian takes the reader behind the scenes to show what happened and why.
CONTENTS
Introduction: the land-takers p1. Port Phillip in the 1840s: an economic and social profile p8. Composition of the population. Race, religion, education. Social classes. Victoria's forgotten pioneers: convicts who built the public works p16. Overseers didn’t last long. Convicts on survey duties. Convicts assigned to private masters. Problems with female convicts. Free women marry convicts. How transportees re-entered society. Attempt to revive transportation. From autocracy to self-government - in one hectic decade p30. Public servants always on call. Public works halted during depression. Wild days at Williamstown and Port Melbourne p41. Lawless ruffians on the beach. The first great boom and bust in Melbourne land values p53. The depression begins. Recovery of small debts. Chaos in the Insolvency Court. Impact on the working class. Slow recovery from depression. Land sales resume. A different vision for Melbourne. No mercy for family of John Batman p76. Lonsdale buys Batman’s bank shares. Eliza [Willoughby] continues to fight for justice. Melbourne's inhabitants forced to drink Yarra River water p92. Wells dug in Melbourne and Williamstown. Diseases caused by polluted water. Attempts to obtain clean water. Water for Port Melbourne. Increased demand for pump water. James Blackburn solves the problem. Early punt services overcome difficult rivers [punts] p103. First bridges to take people south of the Yarra p108. A remarkable achievement: Melbourne’s first stone bridge. Building the first suburban bridges. Securing the town from gunpowder explosions p120. When Melbourne streets looked like porridge p124. Law enforcement comes to the new district p132. Peculiar characters among first police. William ‘Tulip’ Wright enters the scene. The first two gaols. The third gaol. The fourth gaol. A multitude of disputes in establishing the first Supreme Court p144. Building a new Supreme Court. Tiny military force guards Port Phillip p152. Misbehaviour by soldiers. Masters and servants in the 1840s p159. Sawmillers, lime burners, brickmakers, quarrymen. Lime burning. Brickmaking. Stone quarrying. Melbourne area denuded of trees. Beginnings of Melbourne suburbs p172. Expansion to the west. Expansion to the north. Expansion to the north-east. Expansion to the east. Sales of Richmond land. Expansion south of the Yarra. South Yarra and Prahran. South Melbourne. St Kilda. Cemeteries moved further from Melbourne. Deciding the right spot for Botanic Gardens p188. Controversial botanist rejected by Melbourne [Daniel Bunce]. First permanent government offices p193. Rattenbury dismissed: Henry Ginn appointed to head public works. Government’s printing problems overcome. In fits and starts, Port Phillip gets an efficient mail service p200. Pony express service to Melbourne. Faster mails by ship. Problems with overseas mail. A permanent post office and public clock. Thomas Ham, pioneer engraver. Who printed Victoria’s first postage stamps? Shocking state of public health p219. Invigorating baths in the Yarra River. New attention to sanitation. Fire hazards in packed allotments. Slow progress towards helping the poor and sick p237. First moves for a public hospital. Orphaned children [orphans]. Two temporary public hospitals. Building the first Melbourne Hospital. Private charities formed. North Melbourne Benevolent Asylum. Amid continued scandals, the government takes responsibility for the insane p257. Events in the new asylum. Importance of religion in colonial life p267. Presbyterian Church splits asunder. Long struggle to complete Melbourne’s original [St Paul’s Anglican] cathedral. New churches for Anglicans. Spiritual refuges for Irish immigrants [Catholics]. The ‘Orange Riots’ of 1844 and 1846. First Roman Catholic Bishop of Melbourne [James Alipius Goold]. Democratic sparks from the Congregational Church. Wesleyans bring religious compromise and missionary zeal [Methodists]. Baptist beliefs to suit every taste [Baptists]. A small synagogue for men of large faith [Jews]. A mechanics' institute - without mechanics [Melbourne Mechanics’ Institute, now Athenaeum] p314. Lawless state of Melbourne streets p321. Changing methods of punishment. The first detective force. Reorganisation of the police force. Building a new Police Court. Building a new gaol in Russell Street. Hard labour on a faulty treadmill. Loathsome floggers and hangmen of early Melbourne. How ships found their way into Port Phillip Bay p356. The trail of blood leading to Cape Otway. Building and manning the new lighthouse. Pilots who guided ships to safety. Safely through the bay to Melbourne town. Signalling between ships and shore stations. A deeper river for bigger ships. Improvement of shipping facilities in the Yarra. Private wharves, steamships and steam mills. Difficulties of the Port Phillip Steam Navigation Company. Private wharves on the north bank. Strange events in the new Customs House. Suburban playgrounds for the ambitious p393. Henry Dendy’s temporary ownership of Brighton. Solicitor Unwin takes over Bulleen. Elgar’s special survey of the eastern suburbs. Origins of the Heidelberg district. Development of working-class suburbs. Vagabond actors begin Melbourne's theatrical life p410. J.T. Smith’s Queen’s Theatre. Public-house life in the 1840s p421. Hotels in Melbourne suburbs. Manufacture of beer and spirits. Beginnings of the wowser movement. Ups and downs of Melbourne's first banks p437. Derwent and Union banks. Port Phillip Bank goes under. The first Savings Bank. Financial troubles of the first town councils [local government] p446. Building the first town hall. Independence for a fifteen-year-old [Separation from New South Wales] p454.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Detailed sketch of Melbourne in 1839 by John Adamson p2. Painting of the Flinders Street end of Swanston Street in 1843, artist unknown, shows how stock still grazed in the main streets. The area at left centre, then a hay and corn market, was soon to be occupied by the first St Paul’s Church. The area on the right, slightly nearer the river, became Flinders Street Railway Station p11. Original timber cottage in Flinders Lane was raised from the muddy streets on a high stone base, with stone chimney indicating a kitchen at the far end; lithograph by William Elliot Johnson in ‘Old Melbourne streets’ p13. Robert Hoddle, Victoria’s most famous surveyor p26. Prominent merchant James Graham p26. Sir George Gipps, Governor of New South Wales from 1838-46 p33. Sir Charles Fitzroy, Governor from 1846-55 p33. William Lonsdale, Police Magistrate of Melbourne from 1836-9 and Sub-Treasurer from 1840-50 p33. Charles Joseph La Trobe, Superintendent of Melbourne from 1839-50 p33. The government commissariat officer, Captain Charles Howard p35. View thought to be Flinders Lane 1842, painting by Charles Norton p43. La Trobe’s cottage at Jolimont about 1844, artist unknown, probably E. La Trobe Bateman p42. Jetties and Pier Hotel at Port Melbourne in 1840s by Liardet p42. John Batman’s two-storey building on the corner of Collins Street and Williams Street, leased as Melbourne Auction Company 1840 p42. Williamstown in 1840 p43. Captain C.M. Lewis p45. Captain R.H. Bunbury p45. Commander James Gordon RN p48. Solicitor William Highett p48. Wilbraham Liardet p51. Caroline Liardet p51. Map of Melbourne and near suburbs by William Green in 1852 p56. George Langhorne p60. William Westgarth p60. Redmond Barry p62. Collins Street draper James Simeon p65. T.B. Alexander, overlander and squatter p65. David and Solomon Benjamin, drapers p67. Cheapside House, Collins Street p67. W.F.A. Rucker, merchant p69. Daniel Stodhart Campbell p69. Benjamin Baxter, postmaster p71. Mrs Martha Baxter p71. C.H. Ebden, squatter p73. Hugh Glass p73. John O’Shanassy, politician p74. William a Beckett, judge p74. John Batman [painting] p74. John Batman’s farm p74. The Yarra River from the south side of Princes Bridge 1853 p74. Yarra floods of the 1840s p74. View from the east end of Collins Street 1841 p74. Elizabeth Mary Batman p78. Pelonamena Frances Darling Batman p78. Foster Fyans p89. Frederick Lord Clay, solicitor p89. First Falls Dam across Yarra River 1842 p94. John Wilson, livery stable keeper p97. Dr J.B. Clutterbuck p97. Edmund Finn (‘Garryowen’) p99. Thomas Strode, printer p99. James Blackburn, city surveyor p102. John Welsh’s punt service across the Yarra River near Swanston Street p104. Charles Le Souef, surveyor p105. Dr James Palmer p105. John Hodgson, merchant p106. Benjamin G. Levien p106. Constable William ‘Tulip’ Wright outside first Police Office and Courtroom [painting] p106. First Supreme Court [painting] p106. Distant view of Melbourne before 1844 [painting] p106. The old lime burners’ kiln at Rye p106. Melbourne Bridge Company’s timber bridge erected over the Yarra River in 1845 p109. The government’s first Princes Bridge over the Yarra River p112. Gravestone still standing at Fawkner Memorial Park shows that James Purse drowned in Merri Creek 1849 p116. Old timber bridge over the Yarra River at Fairfield p116. Georgiana McCrae in middle and old age p125. Elizabeth Street 1847 p128. Cottage of J.W. Hooson, Collins Street p134. ‘Tulip’ Wright’s Bridge Inn at Deep Creek (now Bulla) [painting] p139. John Walpole Willis, judge p145. Henry Field Gurner, registrar p146. James Denham Pinnock, registrar p146. James Montgomery, solicitor p147. Andrew Muirson McCrae, solicitor p147. Melbourne’s first Supreme Court p151. Old Collins Street Gaol [drawing] p154. City end of Brunswick Street, Fitzroy 1840s [painting] p154. Scene of Botanic Gardens 1876 [painting] p155. Captain Charles Smith, 28th Regiment p157. Henry Moor, solicitor p157. John Chandler, author, with wife Ruth and children Annie and Daniel John p169. Brunswick Street, Fitzroy sketch 1842 p174. Approach to Richmond from the north bank of the Yarra River 1850s [drawing] p177. Punt Road in the 1850s with punt keeper’s cottage p183. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Anderson p184. George Robinson, protector of aborigines p184. Main government offices, Little Collins Street [painting by Liardet] p186. First post office near the Yarra River [painting by Liardet] p186. Samuel Jackson, architect p186. ‘Wattlehouse’, Grey Street, St Kilda p187. Gravestone of Thomas Armitstead, builder, died 1860 p187. The talented but erratic botanist Daniel Bunce p191. James Rattenbury designed Melbourne’s first permanent government offices in William Street, but his plans were refined by the architect-builder James Webb, shown here p195. The government offices, on today’s Law Courts site, were built in 1845 of granite and bluestone, at left is the house occupied by the Government Printer and family, at right is the first Victorian Government Printing Office p195. First Post Office in Little Collins Street by David Kelsh [painting by Liardet] p201. The early Melbourne letter-carrier shown at left in this Glover engraving wore a scarlet coat and top hat, the central portion shows the town’s Temperance Band, while at right a blind man begs alms p202. John Conway Bourke, convict servant of overlander Joseph Hawdon p204. Overlander William Rutledge p205. Part of an 1847 prospectus for a new company proposing to bring mail direct from Britain to Melbourne and other seaports p207. James Rattenbury designed Melbourne’s first permanent Post Office on the corner of Bourke and Elizabeth streets, the central portion of the building opened for business in 1841, two extra rooms shown at the front were added in 1849, and a new clock installed beneath the central cupola (lithograph by Thomas Ham) p209. Thomas Ham, Melbourne’s brilliant pioneer engraver, with a selection of the first brass seals he made for marking envelopes, the ‘butterfly’ seal at the bottom was normally used for cancelling early postage stamps p213. Captain Alexander McCrae took over and reorganised Melbourne’s postal services in 1850 p213. Part of Thomas Ham’s ‘Map of Australia Felix’, the first ever to be engraved on copper in Melbourne in 1847 p214. The insanitary state of Melbourne: this Glover engraving shows late-night drunken revellers disturbing rats and goats grazing in the streets p221. Captain John Harrison, ordered by La Trobe in 1841 to remove his dairy cows from the corner of Queen and Lonsdale streets p222. C.J. Dennys, later a wealthy wool broker, was the first to suggest erection of public baths in the Yarra p222. The busy Victoria Tannery on the Yarra River, engraved by Thomas Ham for his Illustrated Australian Magazine p227. George Haskell, the first tanner in South Melbourne, whose operations helped to pollute the Yarra p229. Edward Byam Wight, a pioneer of the ‘boiling down’ process for surplus sheep, which added greatly to pollution of early Melbourne p229. Thomas McCombie, new owner of the ‘Gazette’, constantly attacked the ‘fearful state’ of Melbourne’s sanitation p230. Wool washers on the south bank of the Yarra opposite the Custom House are shown in this painting by William Strutt p232. Melbourne’s first coroner, Dr W.B. Wilmot, gave his medical services free to the first temporary public hospital, and supplied drugs at cost price p244. After painfully-slow raising of funds, the first permanent Melbourne Hospital was built on the corner of Swanston and Lonsdale streets in 1846 [engraving] p246. Among the first honorary physicians at Melbourne Hospital were: Dr E.C. Hobson; Dr Godfrey Howitt; Dr Augustus Greeves; Dr D.J. Thomas p248. Collins Street druggist John Hood began manufacturing chloroform in 1848 p249. David Wilkie was the first man in Melbourne to use chloroform for painless operations p249. One of the first pharmacies, the Melbourne Medical Hall, was established in 1839 by Messrs Lewis and Bowen at 5 Collins Street West, this photograph was taken in 1857 just before its demolition p250. Charles Vaughan, secretary of Melbourne’s first important private charitable organisation, the Wesleyan Strangers’ Friend Society p252. Part of an early report of activities by the Roman Catholic Friendly Brothers’ Society p252. The Benevolent Asylum in North Melbourne as it appeared in the 1860s, the lighter section at left is the original building designed by Charles Laing in 1849; the darker stone section and new entrance on the right were added after the gold rush [engraving] p255. The author ‘Rolf Boldrewood’ (T.A. Browne) whose father, Captain S.J. Browne, tried to shoot him after becoming insane in 1847, rather than lodge Captain Browne in the asylum, the family secretly kept him at various properties for many years p260. The original Yarra Bend Lunatic Asylum built in 1846, designed by NSW Colonial Architect Mortimer Lewis, was merely a bluestone rectangle with barred windows, one internal bathroom was provided, a two-storey extension with tower was added after the gold rush [drawing] p262. Without modern drugs, doctors had to restrain lunatics as best they could, use of straitjackets was common [drawing] p265. Leather gloves were often fitted to prevent ‘self-abuse’, then thought to cause insanity p265. St Peter’s Church on the Eastern Hill, built in 1846-8 and still standing, painting by Charles Norton shows the area which became today’s Albert Street, East Melbourne p267. Painting by Edmund Thomas of the lower section of the hill in Collins Street East, between Russell and Swanston streets, was executed soon after the first gold rushes, but shows many buildings commenced in the 1840s, from the extreme right to the left can be seen part of the original Scots Church, and its adjacent two-storey manse built by Rev. James Forbes at his own expense in the early 1840s; next door, behind the man with the walking stick, is the original Collins Street Baptist Chapel p266. Painting by S.T. Gill of the entrance to Port Phillip Bay, executed after the gold rush, shows the painted brick obelisk erected at Shortland’s Bluff (Queenscliff) in 1839 as a daylight guide to mariners; beside it is the lighthouse built by George Beaver in 1843, with keepers’ quarters at extreme right; goats kept by the staff almost denuded the clifftops of natural vegetation p266. When Rev. James Forbes split from the official Presbyterian Church in 1846, Rev. Irving Hetherington, pictured here, took over his duties p269. The first Scots Church, built in 1841 to the design of Samuel Jackson, was located on the corner of Collins and Russell streets, site of today’s much larger edifice; the main building further down the hill in Collins Street was the original Baptist Chapel [drawing] p269. Ministers of different Protestant sects sometimes joined to promote common causes; the opening of the Independent Presbyterian Chapel Tabernacle at Collingwood was celebrated by three different ministers; the incumbent, Rev. John Allen, had been secretary of the Melbourne Hospital [flyer] p271. Rev. John Couch Grylls, first permanent Anglican minister in Melbourne from 1838-30 p272. Rev. James Yelverton Wilson, who succeeded Grylls in Melbourne from 1840-1 p272. Robert Russell, pictured here, originally designed St James Church with a tall, slender spire, but resigned when Dr James Palmer insisted on the ‘pepperpot’ cupola p275. St James Church on its original commanding site on the corner of Collins and William streets p275. William Grant Broughton, first Anglican Bishop of Australia (left) sacrificed half his salary to enable Australia to be divided into four bishoprics in 1845; a direct result was the appointment of Charles Perry (right) as the first Anglican Bishop of Melbourne in 1847 p281. St Paul’s Anglican Church was begun in 1850 on the corner of Swanston and Flinders streets, where the later St Paul’s Cathedral now stands; the small building at left was probably the minister’s residence, engraving by Ham Brothers p283. St Francis Church, built in 1841 to the design of Samuel Jackson, still stands on the corner of Elizabeth and Lonsdale streets [drawing] p287. Father Patrick Bonaventure Geoghegan, first Roman Catholic priest in Melbourne from 1839 to his appointment as Vicar-General in 1848 p289. William Kerr, vitriolic editor of the ‘Port Phillip Patriot’, who fanned religious hatred in Melbourne and helped cause the notorious ‘Orange riots’ of the mid-1840s p289. James Alipius Goold, first Roman Catholic Bishop of Melbourne from 1848, photographed soon after his arrival p293. The first bluestone St Patrick’s Church, designed by Samuel Jackson, was begun in great haste in 1850 on the Roman Catholic’s five-acre land grant in East Melbourne; later it was replaced by today’s St Patrick’s Cathedral; this sketch by S.T. Gill was lithographed in 1854 p293. Rev. William Waterfield of Wales became Melbourne’s first Congregational minister in 1838, but resigned in 1843 after conflict with leading members p297. Henry Hopkins, squatter at ‘Wormbete’ in Western Victoria, paid most of the expense of bringing the Congregational Church to Melbourne p297. The first Congregational Chapel at the corner of Collins and Russell streets, built in 1839-40, had a curiously decorated frontage making it look like an Egyptian temple; the ornamentation was soon removed, sketched in the early 1840s by H.G. Jones p299. John Jones Peers designed ‘half a chapel’ for the Wesleyan Church, built on its half-acre allotment at the corner of Queen and Collins streets in 1840-1; one of the trustees was Eliza Batman’s second husband William Willoughby; the chapel was completed as seen above in 1847 [drawing] p304. Rev. John Ham, first minister of the Collins Street Baptist Chapel, and the church as it survives today p308. A tiny Jewish synagogue (left) was built in 1847-8 in Bourke Street, next to St Patrick’s Hall, on land forfeited by the speculator John Hodgson; the land grant to the Jewish faith was later found to be unlawful; St Patrick’s Hall, seen at right in its original form, was designed by Samuel Jackson and built between 1847-9 for the Catholic-dominated St Patrick’s Society; it was the only building in Melbourne large enough for the first sessions of the Victorian Parliament between 1851-6 [drawing] p311. Michael Cashmore, proprietor of Victoria House Drapery in Elizabeth Street, was one of the founding officers of the Jewish Congregational Society in Melbourne in 1840 p312. Asher Hymen Hart, honorary minister of the first Jewish congregation, in 1844 married his brother Edward Hart to their cousin Isabella Hart p312. The Mechanics’ Institute in Collins Street (now the Athenaeum building), as originally built in 1842 (Ham Brothers engraving) p318. Additions to the frontage of the Mechanics’ Institute in Collins Street made in 1853 [engraving] p319. Collins Street draper Charles Williamson had his shop windows broken by drunken crowds during the 1843 racing season p323. William J. Sugden, appointed Chief Constable in 1844 in an attempt to improve the Melbourne police force p329. Mayor William Montgomerie Bell, who again attempted to improve the policing of Melbourne streets in 1849 p329. E.P.S. Sturt, younger brother of the famous explorer, was appointed as the first Superintendent of Police in 1849 p333. Melbourne’s new police office and police court, which opened in 1849 next to the town hall site in Swanston Street [drawing] p335. Part of the new gaol built from 1841 onwards which still stands in Russell Street and is open to the public [drawing] p339. Daniel Rooney, builder of the high north wall of Russell Street gaol p341. George Wintle, head gaoler at Russell Street, popularly known as ‘Wintle’s Hotel’ p341. The treadmill, here operated by only one man, contained steps fitted to a revolving cylinder, which could be governed by the gears at right [drawing] p347. Williamstown lighthouse and signal station, shown in a hand-tinted lithograph by Edmund Thomas in 1853; the Harbour Master and his staff operated from the buildings shown at right; the bluestone lighthouse built in 1849 still stands, but is now usually referred to as ‘the time-ball tower’ p362. Hand-coloured engraving by S.T. Gill 1856 shows the busy scene at Queen’s Wharf, largely constructed in the 1840s; at right is a high fence surrounding G.W. Cole’s bonded warehouses, also built in the 1840s p362. Painting by Robert Russell of Melbourne from the Falls in November 1844 shows the wooden unloading docks known as Queen’s Wharf; behind them, the Market Square has been cleared of trees and the brownstone Custom House almost completed; busy warehouses, shops and hotels surround Market Square, once the heart of Melbourne p362. Merchant, squatter and soap manufacturer James Jackson built beautiful ‘Toorak House’ in 1849 on 180 acres he bought that year for 608 pounds; Jackson died at sea in 1851, and the mansion became Government House for many years, as seen in this unsigned painting of 1867; still standing in St Georges Road, Toorak, surrounded by million-dollar properties, the building is today owned by the Swedish Church p362. Edwin Toby, a licensed pilot in 1841, was appointed master of the S.S. Aphrasia in 1845 p368. James Osborn, assistant lighthouse keeper at Williamstown in the early 1840s, became a clerk in the Harbour Master’s Department p368. The signal station on Flagstaff Hill, with shipping in the Yarra River and Hobson’s Bay in the background; people at right are reading notices of shipping arrivals and departures; from an S.T. Gill sketch engraved for ‘Victoria Illustrated’ p373. Frederick Manton began Melbourne’s first steamship services in 1841-2 with two small paddle-steamers p378. Thomas Fulton built many steam engines in Melbourne in the 1840s in competition with Robert Langlands p378. Pioneer merchant Skene Craig, seen here with his daughters, assisted James Dobson to build a wharf along their Yarra River allotments immediately west of Coles’ Wharf p385. Prominent merchant George Ward Cole was permitted to build the first private wharf on the town side of the Yarra in 1841 p385. Robert Saunders Webb, original head of the Customs Department in Melbourne, found himself more than 17,000 pounds in debt after investing in the land boom; he was demoted and moved to Sydney p391. J.H.N. Cassell, new head of Customs in Melbourne, stuck strictly to the letter of the law in all his activities p391. Location of ‘Special Surveys’ near Melbourne up to 1843 [map] p395. Henry Dendy, the Surrey farmer who founded Brighton but died a pauper p397. J.B. Were, whose financial advice did not do Henry Dendy much good during the depression of the 1840s p397. Major Alexander Davidson, who emigrated from India to buy large areas of farmland in today’s Box Hill and Nunawading p400. Squatter Horatio Wills was able to buy more than 90 acres of today’s Kew for 314 pounds in 1845 p400. John Gardiner, who at first squatted on the south side of the Yarra where Scotch College now stands, bought 1,892 acres of land in the Heidelberg district in 1838 for only 840 pounds; here he is seen with his wife Mary in a photograph of the 1850s p403. The Heidelberg area as it appeared to J.S. Prout in 1846 [drawing]; in the left distance can be seen the mansion ‘Banyule’ (which still stands today), built by the overlander Joseph Hawdon earlier that year; the original ‘Banyule’ was a verandahed cottage built by R.H. Browne but advertised by him for sale with its surrounding acres in the ‘Gazette’ on 6 May 1843 p405. J.F.L. Foster was the only bidder for farmland at Tullamarine when it was auctioned in 1842, he obtained 640 acres at 1 pound per acre p408. Melbourne butcher George Kirk bought two-acre allotments cheaply in Flemington when the land was first auctioned in 1849 p408. James Jamieson’s Eagle Tavern in Bourke Street, alongside Thomas Hodge’s rickety Theatre Royal, originally named the Pavilion; Liardet’s painting shows a boy selling the latest newspapers, and a bell-ringer announcing the theatre’s next performance p410. George Smith’s Lamb Inn in Collins Street grew room by room as demand increased; Liardet’s painting shows the original building in the centre with timber and brick annexes; a new licensee went bankrupt in 1843, and the hotel did not reopen for six years; later it became the site of Scott’s Hotel p410. The first Albion Hotel in Bourke Street, built by carpenter James Westwood in 1839; brewer Henry Condell built a larger Albion Hotel on the same site in 1850: it became a popular rendezvous for gold seekers p410. John Thomas Smith, formerly a teacher of aborigines, built Melbourne’s first Queen’s Theatre in 1843 p414. The brilliant actor George Coppin brought a new era to the Melbourne theatre after his arrival in 1845 p414. J.T. Smith’s Queen’s Theatre as it appeared after a new frontage was added during the gold rush [drawing] p417. Thomas Halfpenny owned the tiny William Tell Tavern in Bourke Street from 1837-9, then the Angel Inn in Collins Street; in 1845 he was appointed Chief Constable of Horsham p422. Thomas Anderson took over the profitable Lamb Inn in 1840, but borrowed so much money the he went bankrupt the following year p422. Pioneer Presbyterian minister the Rev. James Clow cannily retained the freehold when his town house was converted into the Caledonian Hotel late in 1840; during the 1870s his descendants made huge profits by selling the valuable land p424. William Morton reopened the former Lamb Inn in 1849 under the more respectable title of ‘Clarendon Family Hotel’ p424. J.P. Fawkner leased his two-storey hotel on the corner of Market and Collins streets in 1839 for the first home of the Melbourne Club; in 1846 it became the Old Club House Hotel, then the Shakespeare Hotel p427. John Mooney’s Royal Hotel at St Kilda provided a coach service to the city and bathing boxes for clients; engraving by Thomas Ham, about 1850 p431. John Moss built one of Melbourne’s first breweries in Flinders Lane, besides opening the primitive Ship Inn on the same allotment p432. J.S. Johnston, licensee of the ultra-respectable first Southern Cross Hotel in Bourke Street, where Bishop Perry and his wife were glad to take refuge on their arrival in 1848 p432. The Australia Felix Temperance Society [Total Abstinence Society] issued this beautifully printed certificate to its members; engraving by Thomas Ham, about 1844 p435. Richard Heales junior was mainly responsible for building the Temperance Hall in Russell Street in 1847, to attract young men away from pubs p436. Distancing himself from champagne lunches of the first boom, Melbourne auctioneer Henry Frencham became president of the Total Abstinence Society, and was horsewhipped by an angry publican in 1844 p436. David Charteris McArthur [photo], Melbourne’s first professional banker, established a branch of the Bank of Australasia at the corner of Queen Street and Flinders Lane in 1838; the bank moved to this new two-storey stone building in Collins Street in 1840, with a single-storey annexe on the corner of Bank Place being added early in the gold rush [drawing] p438. The Union Bank opened this building on the corner of Collins and Queen streets in 1845, after several years of trading in makeshift premises; engraved by J. Tingle from an S.T. Gill drawing p442. Presbyterian minister Rev. James Clow built this delightful colonial house on the corner of Swanston and Lonsdale streets, and retained the freehold when it was converted into the exclusive Caledonian Hotel in 1840 [painting] p442. Brewer John Mills paid only 35 pounds for a half-acre allotment in Flinders Street, between Elizabeth and Queen streets, at the first Melbourne land sales in June 1837; there he built a large brewery and house, although refused permission to pipe water from the Yarra; Liardet’s painting shows the busy scene p442. Magistrate James ‘Jemmy’ Smith acted as part-time accountant-manager of Melbourne’s first Savings Bank, keeping a tight rein on expenses and investment of depositors’ funds; also shown is the bank’s original cashbox, its handles removed so that it would fit into the drawer of Smith’s little desk p444. Wine importer and ironmonger Andrew ‘Tinker’ Russell became mayor of Melbourne in 1847-8; according to ‘Garryowen’, Russell was ‘a commonplace, persevering piece of ordinary respectability’ (Melbourne City Council photograph of an original painting destroyed by fire) p447. Brewer Henry Condell, mayor of Melbourne from its incorporation in 1842-3 p447. Town auctioneer William Barrett resigned from his position rather than sell up the belongings of ratepayers indebted to the council p451. Council rate collector James Ballingall found it impossible to obtain money due from ratepayers during the worst days of the depression p451. The first Melbourne Town Hall, built to the design of James Blackburn, from 1851-3, on the corner of Swanston and Collins streets, next to the Police Office; J. Tingle engraving from an S.T. Gill drawing p452. J.C. King, town clerk of Melbourne during most of the 1840s p452. Painting by Liardet shows the first Union Bank on the corner of Queen Street and Flinders Lane, close to shipping in the Yarra; the bank moved to a more spacious edifice on the corner of Collins and Queen streets in 1845; the building shown here was then converted into the Woolpack Inn p458. The locally-financed Port Phillip Bank built these premises on the corner of Collins and Elizabeth streets in 1841, but went into liquidation at the end of 1842; there was still money in alcohol: the building became the Clarence Hotel a few months later [painting] p458. Standing on the Melbourne printers’ horse dray in the Separation procession, J.P. Fawkner scatters freshly-printed leaflets to enthusiastic crowds; wash drawing by William Strutt p458. At sunset on 12 November 1850, the first beacon celebrating Separation of Victoria from New South Wales was lit behind the signal station on Flagstaff Hill; soon the flames from scores of other beacons could be seen on every horizon throughout the new colony [painting] p458. ‘Garryowen’s’ hastily-prepared poster which brought the first definite news to Melbourne in November 1850 that Separation from New South Wales had been achieved p459. The wild scene at the opening of the first Princes Bridge on 15 November 1850, as part of Melbourne’s Separation celebrations; from a contemporary lithograph by H. Nash p463. Portrait of author, Michael Cannon, and short biography (back cover flap).
NAMES FROM THE INDEX:
Sir William A’Beckett. Ackers and Madders. James Adams. Adams and Nixon. John Adamson. E.B. Addis. G.S. Airey. J.M.C. Airey. John Aitken. Thomas Bowling Alexander. Alison and Knight. Allan brothers. R. Allan and Co. Hyder Allee. Rev John Allen. William Allingham. John Allsworth. Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Anderson. Phillip Anderson. Thomas Anderson. Alexander Andrew. Robert Andrews. George Annand. Annand and Smith. William Archer. Alfred Arden. George Arden. Thomas Armistead. John Arneil. Thomas Arnold. Thomas Arnott. Sir George Arthur. John Arthur. William Ashby. James Ashley. James Ashton. William Ashton. Henry George Ashurst. W.H. Ashurst. John Atkins. James Atkinson. James Austin. James Backhouse. Henry Baker. Robert Anstruther Balbirnie (Vans). Thomas Ball. James Ballingall. James Balmain. Barber and Low. T.H. Bardwell. William Barker. Edward Barnes. G.H. Barnes. Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Barney. William Barrett. Samuel Barrow. David Barry. Edward Barry. Michael Barry. Patrick Barry. Sir Redmond Barry. Richard Barry. E. La Trobe Bateman. W.B. Bates. Adelaide Batman. Mrs Eliza Batman. Eliza Batman, the younger. Elizabeth Mary Batman. Ellen Batman. Henry Batman. John Batman. John Charles Batman. Lucy Batman. Maria Batman. Pelonamena Frances Darling Batman. Captain Benjamin Baxter. Edward Baxter. Mrs Martha Baxter. Thomas Baxter. William Bayes. Dr W.H. Baylie. Frederick Bayne. Anthony Beale. George Beaver. Beckett and Lett. Harold Behan. Gilbert Beith. William Redmond Belcher. Francis Belfield. William Bell. William Montgomerie Bell. David Benjamin. Moses Benjamin. Solomon Benjamin. John Bennell. Andrew Bent. John Berry. Mrs Bertram. Mrs Adelaide Bertram. Andrew Beveridge junior. Joseph Bissell. Thomas Black. James Blackburn. James Blair. William Blair. James Blake. Lieutenant Charles Blamire. John Blanch. Joseph Bloomfield. Bob (aborigine). Bobby (aborigine). William Bohun. Melanethen Bokone. Matthew Bolger. Richard Bolger. Thomas George Bolton. William Bone. George Botham. John Bourke. John Conway Bourke. Patrick Bourke. Sir Richard Bourke. Rev Robert Bourne. George D’Ailey Boursiquot. Mary Bowen. H.B. Bowerman. William Bowman. Benjamin Boyd. Mrs Frances Boyd. Thomas Elder Boyd. Thomas S. Boyd. William Boyd. – Boys. John Bradley. Isaac Branchard. Henry Brandreth. Patrick Brenon. Edward Jones Brewster. Chief Officer Brignielle. Alexander Broadfoot. Charles Brodie. Brodie and Cruikshank. George Sinclair Brodie. Robert Brooks. Thomas Brooks. William Brough. Bishop William Grant Broughton. Charles and Henry Brown and Samuel Ramsden. John Brown. Richard Brown. Robert Brown. Thomas Brown. R.H. Browne. Captain Sylvester John Browne. Thomas Alexander Browne. G.H. Brownhill. Thomas Bryan. William Bryan. James Buchanan. Captain Buckhurst. George Buckingham. James Buckland. William H. Buckley. Richard Hartley Budd. John Bullen. Captain Richard Hanmer Bunbury. Mrs Sarah Bunbury. Daniel Bunce. Charles Gowland Burchett. Henry Burn. James Burn. William Bust Burnley. – Burns. Joseph Burns. Charles Butcher. Edward Butler. Walter Butler. Rev William Butters. Buxton and Tonge. J.C. Byrne. Joseph Byrne. John Byrnes. Hugh P. Cadden. John Cahill. James and Jane Cain. Owen Cain. Henry Garvis Cameron. Samson Cameron. Alexander Campbell. Daniel Stodhart Campbell. J.D.L. Campbell. Neil Campbell. Pieter Laurentz Campbell. Robert Campbell junior. Dr William Henry Campbell. Campbell and Woolley. John Cannon. Michael Cannon (convict). William Cannon. Matthew Cantlon. Thomas Capel. Frederick Carman. Alex Carnie. H.G. Carpenter. James Carr. Michael Carr. Anne Carrig. Horatio Nelson Carrington. John Carrol. Charles Carter. Michael Cashmore. James Horatio Nelson Cassell. William Castles. George Cavenagh. Cavenagh and Maher. Martha Chambers. Captain Champain. John Chandler and family. Thomas Chandler. Chapman and Cusan. Rev Septimus Lloyd Chase. Edward Chesnell. Charles Michael Chessell. Henry Chillingworth. John Moffatt Chisholm. Mrs Alice Clancy. Michael Clancy. Thomas Clancy. Alfred Clark. Mrs Anne S. Clarke. John Clarke. Lindsay Clarke. W.J.T. Clarke. Frederick Lord Clay. Robert Clayton. Richard Cleaver. Dr Jonathan Clerke. Raphael Clint. Rev James Clow. Robert Clowe. Joseph Clowes. Dr James Bennett Clutterbuck. Walter Coates. Edwin Cockayne. John Cocker. Patrick Codd. William Cogan. Captain George Ward Cole. Charles Collington. William D. Collyer. Private George Colter. James Colvin. Henry Condell. James Connell. Jeremiah Connell. Michael Connelly. Thomas Connock. James Connor. Thomas Connor. James Conroy. James Cook (convict). Joseph Cook. Mrs Nichole Anne Cooke. Horatio Cooper. George Selth Coppin. Mrs Maria Coppin. Richard Cordery. John Corry. John Cosgrave. Patrick Costello. Dr Barry Cotter. John Cotton. George Coulstock. John Powell Courtier. John William Cowell. J.H. Craig. Skene Craig. Skene Craig and Alexander Broadfoot. James Croke. Samuel Crook. W.H. Cropper. Thomas Mahony Crosbie. Cuming, Smith and Co. William Cumming. James Cummings. John Cummings. James Cunningham. Archibald Cunninghame. Mary Curly. Edward Curr. William Curr. Phillip Curragan. Michael Curtain. Dr Patrick Cussen. Ranulph Dacre. Mrs Joseph Dalgarno. Frederick Gonnerman Dalgety. John Dallachy. ‘Captain’ Henry Dana. William Dana. Michael Darcy. Robert Darcy. William Wedge Darke. Thomas A. Darragh. Augustus Dauncey. Major Alexander Davidson. John Davies (executioner). John Davies (journalist). Mary Davies. W.W. Davies. William Davis. Eliza Daw. William Dawson. Charles Deane. J.L. Deane. Charles Deering. Thomas Delwood. Stephen Dempsey. Henry Dendy. Mrs Sarah Dendy. Charles John Dennys. C.L.J. De Villiers. John and William Devine. Thomas Devine. James Dick junior. Charles Hilton Dight. John Dight. John Dingwall. John Dinwoodie. William Dixon. James Dobson. Rev Joseph Docker. John Dodd. William Dods. Patrick Doherty. Thomas Dollard. John Donald. Elizabeth Donaldson. (Sir) Stuart Alexander Donaldson. Thomas Donnelly. – Donovan. (John) Donovan and – Crosbie. Richard Dowling. Thomas Doyle. James E. Dredge. Peter Drummond. Daniel Dryan. Anne Drysdale. Drysdale and Groom. William Ducey. John Duerdin. Corporal Dunbar. Captain James Dunbar. John Dunbar. John Dunlop. Robert Dunlop. Dunlop, McNab and Co. John Dunn. Michael Dunn. Dunn and Sherlocke. Robert Dunsford. Dunstone and Roberts. William Hampden Dutton. John Dwyer. A. Dyce. Charles Hotson Ebden. Daniel Egan. Dennis Egan. James Egan. Henry Elgar. Catherine Ellis. Charles Ellis. James Ellis. John Ellis. Henry Elmes. Dr Thomas Embling. John Enscoe. Captain James Augustus Erskine. George Evans. John Evans. James Thomas Everist. John Facey. Grace Fadden. Jesse Fairchild. Frederick Edward Falkiner. Joseph Farley. James Farmer. Farrell and Henry. Mrs Eliza Fawkner. John Fawkner senior. John Pascoe Fawkner. John George Fennell. Robert Fennell. John Fenton. Nicholas Alexander Fenwick. Ferguson and Eccleston. John Ferres. Thomas Field. John Fieldhouse. Catherine Finigan. Edmund Finn (Garryowen). James Finn. Thomas Finn. Major William Firebrace. David Fisher. George Fisher. Daniel Fitzgerald. Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy. Catherine Fitzsimmons. William Flanagin. R. Fleming. Dr William Fleming. William Fletcher. J.T.E. Flint. Martin Fogarty. James Folkes. Henry Boorn Foot. Thomas Foot. Rev James Forbes. Henry Bates Ford. James Ford. John Sandle Ford. Andrew Forlonge. Thomas Forsyth. Henry Foster. J.F.L. Foster. Daniel Fox. Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin. George Fraser. J.R. Fraser. Private Fraser. Henry Frencham. Robert Frost. Francis Fryer. Thomas Fulton. William Fulton. Captain Foster Fyans. John Galloway. John Galway. James Walsh Gardener. John and Mary Gardiner. Hatsell Mellersh Garrard. ‘Garryowen’ see: E. Finn. Michael Gately. Patrick Gaynor. Father Patrick Bonaventure Geoghegan. John Gibbons. Thomas Gibson. Gibson and Wilson. Frank Gilbert. George Alexander Gilbert. John Gill. S.T. Gill. Henry Ginn. Sir George Gipps. Henry Fyshe Gisborne. Hugh Glass. Lord Glenelg. Henry Glover. Eliza Godfrey. Samuel Goode. David Goodsir. Michael Goodwin. Bishop James Alipius Goold. Lieutenant-Colonel J.A. Gordon. Commander James Gordon. Thomas Gordon. Bridget Gorman. J.W. Gosling. James Graham. Thomas Graham. – Gray. James Gray. Edward Bernard Green. Ellen Green. John Green. William Green. Mrs Anne Greene. Dr A.F.A. Greeves. Montague Charles Greeves. – Gregg. Samuel and Robert Gregory. Earl Grey. John Grice (convict). Richard Grice. Henry Griffin. Joseph Griffin. Richard Griffin. Edward Grimes. Groom and Dingsdale. Henry Grover. Monty Grover. William Alfred Grover. Rev James Couch Grylls. John Guillam. Mrs Aeneas (Jeannie) Gunn. Rev Peter Gunn. Henry Field Gurner. Nehemiah Guthridge. Haberlin and Day. Haines and Malpas. Rev Francis Hales. Nicholas Haley. Thomas Halfpenny. Michael Hall. William Hall. Jabez Ham. Rev John Ham. Ham and Mitchell. Thomas Ham. James Hamilton. William Hamilton. Michael Hannan. John Harper. William H. Harper. H.G. Harrington. Jack Harris. James Harris. (Samuel Henry) Harris and (Jacob) Marks. Lieutenant George Harrison. Henry Harrison. Captain John Harrison. Asher Hymen Hart. Edward Hart. Isabella Hart. William Hart. William Hartnett. George Haskell. Rev Thomas Hastie. Sarah Hastings. Joseph Hawdon. Thomas Henry Hayes. John Hazlewood. Richard Heales junior. Richard Heales senior. John Healey. (Benjamin) Heape and (Richard) Grice. Susan Heaver. James Heffernan. John Heffernan. Rody Heffernan. John Henderson. William Henderson. William Codner Henley. Margaret Hennessy. John Henry. Henty family. Philip Hervey. Rev Irving Hetherington. Daniel Hickey. Edward Hickey. John Higgins. William Highett. Catherine Hiley. David Hill. – Hilton. Isaac Hind. William Hinds. William Hinton. Dr Edmund Charles Hobson. Robert Hoddle. Thomas Hodge. John Hodgson. Thomas Hodgson. John Hollier. Lieutenant H.A. Hollingsworth. John Hollingsworth. J. Holmer. Alexander Holmes. (M.S.) Holmes and (W.) Kerr. John Hood. James Hooper. Joseph William Hooson. Frances Hopkins. Henry Hopkins. Thomas Horsburgh. William Horton. John Hosking. Howard brothers. Captain Charles Howard. John Howard. Joseph Howard. – Howe. William Weston Howe. George Howes. Henry Howey. John Werge Howey. Dr Godfrey Howitt. Richard Howitt. William Howitt. Frances Hudson. George Hudson. (John Terry) Hughes and (John) Hosking. Rev John Ziegler Huie. William Hull. William Humphries. Humphrey and Doyle. John Hunt. Thomas Boyse Hunt. James Hunter. Captain Peter Hurlstone. Rev Benjamin Hurst. Charles Hutchinson. Captain Charles Hutton. Alexander Ibass. J. Ireland. Jack (aborigine). James Jacks. James Jackson. (James) Jackson and (James) Rae and Co. Samuel Jackson. George James. Mary James (alias Vallance). James Jamieson. Robert Jamieson. Judge William Jeffcott. F.A. Jeffreys. – Jeffries. Private Jennings. Daniel Jepps. William Jerricott. James Stewart Johnston. Charles Jones (alias Daley). David Patten Jones. John Jones. Lewis Jones. Mary Jones. Jones and Bullen. Charles Jordan. James Jordan. Alfred Joyce. W.B. Kampf. Charles Kay. William Kaye. Henry Kearney. John Keating. James Kell. Henry Kellett. Julia Kelly. Margaret Kelly (alias Parker). David Kelsh. Arthur Kemmis. Henry Kemp. Jane Kenny. Nathaniel Lipscomb Kentish. Richard Kenyon. Robert Kerr. William Kerr. Thomas Kettle. Edward Khull. John Kiddle. William Kiernan. George Kilpatrick. John Charles King. Maria King. Morton King. Robert King. Thomas King. George Kirk. J.B. Kirk. John Kissock. Daniel Knight. Mrs Elizabeth Knight. Conrad Knowles. Mrs Knowles. Robert Knox. Charles Laing. James Lushington Lake. Phillip Lake. John Lamb. Robert Lancaster. George Landers. Timothy Lane. Gideon Scott Lang. Rev John Dunmore Lang. Alfred Langhorne. Edward Langhorne. George Langhorne. William Langhorne. Mrs Margaret Langlands. Robert Langlands. (Robert) Langlands and (William) Fulton and Co. Patrick Lanigan. Charles Joseph La Trobe. Thomas Laurence. Rev Alexander Laurie. Patrick Lawless. Lieutenant James Ross Lawrence. John Lawrence. Learmonth family. Henry Legge. David Lennox. Charles H. Le Souef. William Le Souef. Major Samuel Lettsom. Benjamin G. Levien. John Levien. Captain Charles Lewis. Captain Charles Morgan Lewis. Joseph Lewis. Mortimer W. Lewis. Mortimer Lewis junior. Lewis and Bowen. Mrs Caroline Frederica Liardet. Frank Liardet. Wilbraham Frederick Evelyn Liardet. H.W.W. Liddiard. Liddy and Passfield. Jonathan Lilley. William Lilley. George Lilly. James Linacre. Walter L. Lindenthal. Farley Lindsay. Henry Lingham. Peter Little. W.N. Llewellin. William Locke. Mrs Lucy Lomas. Mrs Martha Lonsdale. Captain William Lonsdale. Rev Andrew Love. George Lovel. Richard Lovell. Charles Lucas. Alexander Luckie. Lumsden, Skillin and Massie. John Lush. Michael Lynch. Robert Lynd. David Lyons. Patrick Lyons. Lyons and Sutcliffe. David Charteris McArthur. James McArthur junior. John McCarthy. Thomas McClelland. Thomas McCombie. Captain Alexander McCrae. Andrew Muirson McCrae. Dr Farquhar McCrae. George Gordon McCrae. Mrs Georgiana McCrae. – McCullagh. Duncan MacCullum. David McDonald. John Macdonald. Francis McDonnell. Alexander McGillivray. Daniel McGlynn. Richard McGrath. Henry McGregor. Mrs Elizabeth Jane McGuire. Jessie McGuire. William McGuire. W.B. McInnes. Thomas McIntyre. Hector McKay. William McKay. Robert McKee. Patrick McKeever. G.P. McKelvie. John McKenny. Alastair Mackenzie. James McKenzie. John McKing. Lauchlan Mackinnon. Archibald McLachlan. Captain Charles McLachlan. George Maclagan. Captain Hugh McLean. Neil McLean. Margaret McLeod. Richard McLeod. James McMahon. Mrs Maria McMahon. Archibald McMillan. John McNall. John McNamara. Mrs Mary McNamara. Michael McNamara. Andrew McNaughton. Thomas McNiece. Alex McPherson. John McWey. William Madden. James Maginn. John Maher. Ellen Mahony. (James) Patrick Main. James Major. Francis Malone. Lettice Maltby. Manifold family. Charles Manton. Frederick Manton and Co. Gideon Manton. John Augustus Manton. Mara and Maher. Jacob Marks. Michael Marmion. Captain Frederick Marryatt. John Marshall. Edward Martin. Dr James Martin. John Mason. Thomas Mason. Father Theobald Mathew. George Duncan Mercer. F.L.S. Merewether. Henry Meyrick. – Miller. Rev Frederick Miller. Jessie Miller. John Mills. George Milne. Flora Mitchell. W.H. Mitchell. – Moles. Charles Mollison. W.T. Mollison. John Molloy. Phillip Monaghan. James Montgomery. James Mooney. John Mooney. Henry Moor. James Moore. Edward Morgan. (Edward) Morgan and (George) Milne. John Morgan. Rev Alexander Morison. James Morris. John and William Morris. John Morrison. Morrissy and Hoker. – Mortimer. H.W. Mortimer. Richard Morton. William Lockhart Morton. Moss and Elliott. John Moss. Mouldy and Son. George A. Mouritz. Rev John Joseph Mouritz. Rev Thomas Mowbray. Dr Ferdinand von Mueller. Christopher Mulhall. John Mullins. Lieutenant-Colonel Mundy. David Munro. R. Murcutt and Co. James Murdoch. Edward Murphy. Rt Rev Francis Murphy. J.R. Murphy. Peter Murphy. James Murray. Hon James Erskine Murray. John Murray. Hon Robert Dundas Murray. Thomas Muspratt. John Muston. Thomas Napier. Lewis Nathan. Peter Neeson. Francis McCrone Nesbitt. Professor George Neumayer. Caroline Newcomb. Rev Daniel Newham. Major Charles Newman. (Arthur) Newson and (James) Blackburn. Edward Thomas Newton. John Nicholson. Francis Nodin. Charles Norton. Edward Nowland. James Nugent. Thomas Henry Nutt. James Nuttall. Philip Oakden. Maurice O’Connor. Rev Thomas Odell. David Ogilvy. – O’Hagan. John O’Keeffe. William Oliver. Daniel O’Mara. Phillip O’Mara. Robert Omond. Dr Arthur O’Mullane. John O’Neill. Francis Ormond. Matthew Orr. John Orton. Rev Joseph Rennard Orton. James Osborn. Rev T.H. Osborne. (Sir) John O’Shanassy. William Oswin. William Overton. Nathan Page. Dr (Sir) James Frederick Palmer. John Palmer. Edward Stone Parker. Emily Passmore. Joseph Cowell Passmore. Dr John Patterson. John S. Patterson. Robert Pattinson. John Paul. Thomas Budds Payne. W. & J. Payne. Pearce and Smith. James Pearse. Captain William Pearson. Lewis Pedrana. John Jones Peers. Michael Pender. Colin Pentland. Joseph Pentridge. Bishop Charles Perry. Mrs Frances Perry. S.A. Perry. Reuben Pether. Margaret and William Pickett. James Denham Pinnock. John Pitman. Mrs Mary Ann Pitman. Frederick Pittman. William Plummer. Robert Williams Pohlman. Archbishop J.B. Polding. Samuel Pollett. Edward Pope. George Porter. Frederick Armand Powlett. J.S. Prout. Ptolemy (aborigine). Patrick Purcell. Thomas Quin. James Rae. Corporal Richard Rainbow. Joseph Raleigh. Samuel Ramsden, see: Brown and Ramsden. James Rattenbury. James Raymond. Samuel Raymond. William Raymond. Daniel Reddan. Henry Reed. Joseph Reed. J. Reeve. Robert Reeves. Henry Reid. Patrick Reid. John Richards. Eliza Richardson. John Richardson. Richardson and Co. John Carre Riddell. John Riddle. James Riley. Moses Rintel. James Ritchie. Captain John Roach. William Roadknight senior. William Roadknight junior. John G. Robertson. T. Robin. Benjamin Robinson. Mrs Elizabeth Robinson. George Augustus Robinson. John Robinson. Robert Robinson. John Rodgers. Susan Rodham. Teddy Roe. Roger (aborigine). Robert Rogers. Daniel Rooney. Rooney and Gordon. Alexander Ross. James Ross. Thomas Edwin Rosson. Robert Rowley. William Roycroft. William Frederick Augustus Rucker. Thomas Ruffle. James Rule. Lieutenant Rush. – Rushton. Andrew Russell. Ann Russell. Benjamin Russell. Lieutenant F.B. Russell. George Russell. Lord John Russell. Robert Russell. Sarah Russell. Rutledge and Green. William Rutledge. Michael Ryan. Patrick Ryan. Thomas Ryan. Major G.F.B. St John. Charlotte Saunders. Rev John Saunders. Robert Sawyer. Sawyers and Mortimer. George Say. Edwin Sayers. Zachariah Sayers. – Schofield. Rev William Schofield. J.M. Scott. John Scott. Thomas Scott. William Scott. Rev William Penford Scott. John Sefton. Edward Sewell. John Sewer. Mrs Jane Shanahan. James Shanley. Bridget Shannon. William Sharp. Sharwick and Morgan. Mrs Mary Shaunasey. Mary Shea. John Shearer. Hugh Short. Adolphus Sievwright. James Simeon. James Simpson. Rev William Simpson. Alexander Sims. D.C. Simson. Thomas Sinclair. Edward Skelton. John A. Skinner. Thomas Sloane. Julie Smallman. Amelia Smith. Andrew Smith. Captain Charles Smith. George Smith. Henry Smith. James Smith. John Smith (brass founder). John Smith (postal clerk). John Thomas Smith. Robert Smith. William Smith. Captain George Brunswick Smyth. Henry Smyth. George Douglas Smythe. H.W.H. Smythe. John Smythe. Joseph Solomon. James Somerville. George South. Alexander Brodie Spark. Samuel Sparks. John Stewart Spotswood / Spottiswoode. John Stafford. Robert Stainsby. Benjamin Standering. Lord Stanley. Captain Owen Stanley. Patrick Stapleton. Simon Staughton. Thomas Staunton. William Stanwell. Benjamin Stenican. (Francis John) Sidney Stephen. James Stephen. John Stephen. L.J. Stephens. Rev Michael Stephens. Thomas Stephens. John Whitehill Stevens. George Stewart. Dr Robert Stewart. Captain J.L. Stokes. Leonard Storey. James Ford Strachan. Thomas Strode. Rev Thomas Augustus Strong. William Strutt. Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt. John Styleman (alias Staliman). William Johnston Sugden. Cornelius Sullivan (alias George Grey). – Sullivan. Dennis Sullivan. Dr John Sullivan. John and Patrick Sullivan. Martin Sullivan. Timothy Sullivan. Alexander Sutherland. Captain George Sutherland. Thomas Halk Sutton. William Swaddling. Captain Charles Swanston. Rev Edward Sweetman. Charles Swindell. Captain Edward Symonds. – Taylor. Henry Taylor. Rev James Taylor. Rev John Joseph Therry. (Sir) Roger Therry. Samuel E. Thistlewood. Dr David John Thomas. Edmund Thomas. (George) Thomas and (John) Enscoe. (George) James. John Thomas. Dr Richard Thomas. Thomas and Rosson. William Thomas. Edward Thompson. John Thompson. Joseph Thompson. Julius Thompson. Rev Adam Compton Thomson. Dr Alexander Thomson. Edward Deas Thomson. Thomas Thorneloe. Johnson Thornhill. George Thorp. John William Thurlow. William Timothy. George Tobin. Edwin Toby. Richard Tonks. Henry and Calvert Toulmin. Captain Robert Towns. Thomas Scott Townsend. George Tracy. Patrick Trainer. Thomas Tranter. William Travers. Richard M. Treacy. Caroline Trotman. Trotman and Hodge. Trudgeon and Marshall. F.P.H. Truman. Josiah Trundle. John Tucker. Peter Tucker. Richard Tucker. Rev Francis Tuckfield. John Tuoner. (Robert) Turnbull and (John) Orr and Co. Rev John Turner. William Turner. Charles James Tyers. John Henry Umphelby. Frederick Wright Unwin. A. Uphill. Samuel J. Ussher. Charles Vaughan. William Verner. Lieutenant F.D. Vignolles. Vivash and Smith. Lawrence Wadeson. William Wagg. Archibald Walker. Thomas Walker (pharmacist). Thomas Walker (merchant). William Walker junior. James Clerk Wallace. Edmond Walsh. Thomas Walton. Rev Gerald A. Ward. William Wardell. Sarah Ann Warner. Rev William Waterfield. William Watkins. Thomas Watling. Captain George Watson. (James) Watson and (James) Hunter. (John) Watson and (Edward Byam) Wight. Thomas Watt. Dr John Watton. Phoebe Watts. Richard Wayman. William Weavers. Webb and Allee. Webb, Brown and Co. James and Charles Webb. Robert Saunders Webb. J.H. Wedge. Thomas Wedge. Leslie Weire. William Weire. Edward Wells. William Wells. Andrew Welsh. John Welsh. Patricius William Welsh. W.C. Wentworth. George Were. Jonathan Binns Were. Nicholas Were. Rev John West. Edmund Westby. Thomas Weste. William Westgarth. James Westwood. Peter Whelan. Andrew Bridges White. Ann White. George White. James White. Robert Whitehead. – Whitson. F.D. Wickham. E.B. Wight, see: Watson and Wight. Dr David Elliot Wilkie. Rev Samuel Wilkinson. Charles Williams. Job Williams. Charles Williamson and Company. James Williamson. A. Willis and Co. Judge John Walpole Willis. James Willoughby. William Willoughby. Horatio Spencer Wills. Thomas Wills. Dr William Byam Wilmot. Thomas Wilsmore. George Wilson. Rev James Yelverton Wilson. John Wilson (convict). John Wilson (stables). William Wilson. Wilson and Brooks. Wilson and Eyre. Lieutenant Wilton. John Winder. Samuel Winter. George Wintle. George Wise. William Witton. Samuel Wolfe. William Wood. Thomas Woollett. Alfred, Edward and John Woolley. William ‘Tulip’ Wright. Arundel Wrighte. George Gordon Wyse. W.H. Yaldwyn. Charles Young. David Young. John Young.
FULL INDEX available on library computers: Electronic resources \ Indexes \ Melbourne
PLACENAMES, INSTITUTIONS, FROM THE INDEX:
Abattoirs. Aborigines. Adelphi Hotel. Aged people. Aire River. Albert Park. Albert Street. Albion Hotel – Bourke Street. Albion Hotel – Williamstown. Alexandra Gardens. Alphington. Altona. AMP Society. Amusements. Anaesthetics. Angel Inn. Anti-Semitism. Apprentices. ‘Argus’ newspaper. Arthur’s Seat. Athenaeum. Australia Felix Benefit Society. Australia Felix Hotel. Australia Felix Total Abstinence Society. ‘Australian’ newspaper. Australian Brewery and Malt House. Bailiffs. Ballan. Balwyn. Bank of Australasia. Bank of Australia. Bank of New South Wales. Bank Place. Banks. ‘Banyule’ (property). Baptist Church. Barwon River. Bass Strait. Bathing. Batman Street. Batman’s Hill. Bells. Benevolent asylums. Bills of exchange. Bird-in-Hand Hotel. ‘Bishopscourt’. Black Dog Creek. Boiling-down. Border Police. Boroondara. Botanic Gardens. Bourke County. Bourke Street. Box Hill. Braybrook. Brewing. Bribery. Brickmakers. Bridge Inn. Bridge Road. Bridges. Brighton. Brighton Hotel. Britannia Brewery. British Hotel. Broadmeadows. Brunswick. Brunswick Street. Bucket of Blood shanty. Bulla, see: Deep Creek. Bulleen. Bullocks. Buninyong. Buntingdale Aboriginal Mission. Buoys. Burke Road. Burwood Road. Bushrangers. Butchers. Caledonian Hotel. Campbellfield. Candles. Cannon’s Point. Canterbury. Cape Otway. Cape Paterson. Cape Schanck. Carlton. Cattle. Cemeteries. Census results. Cesspools. Chapel Street. Chapter House Lane. Charity. ‘Cheapside House’. ‘Chelsworth’ (property, Heidelberg). Cheltenham. Children. Church of Christ. Church of England. Church Street, Melbourne. Church Street, Richmond. Churches. Circuses. City Court. City Court Hotel. City Road. Clarence Hotel. Clarendon Family Hotel. Clarendon Street. Clifton Hill. Clocks. Clothing. Coal. Coburg. Colac. Cole’s Wharf. Collingwood. Collins Street. Commercial Banking Company. Commercial Exchange. Commercial Inn. Commercial Road. Commissariat. Congregational Church. Convicts. Corio Bay. Cornwall Fire Insurance Company. Corporation Act. Court of Requests. Criterion Hotel. Currency. Custom House. Customs Department. Dairying. Dams. Dancing. Dandenong Road. Darebin Creek. Darebin Hotel. Deep Creek (Bulla). Deepdene. Dendy Street. Dentistry. Depression (economic). Derwent Bank. Derwent Company. Detectives. Devonshire Arms Hotel. Dight’s Falls. Disease. Distilling. District councils. District Court. Dogs. Domestic servants. Drains. Dredging. Drinking (alcohol). Drownings. Dundas Street. Dysentery. Eagle Tavern. East Boundary Road. East Melbourne. Eastern Hill. Edinburgh Castle Hotel. Education. Elgar Road. Elizabeth Street. Emerald Hill. Environment. Epilepsy. Essendon, see: Five-Mile Creek. Executioners. Exhibition Street. Exports. Fairfield. The Falls. Fawkner (suburb). Fawkner Memorial Park. Federation proposed. Fellmongers. Fencing. Ferries. Fiery Creek. Fire and Marine Insurance Company. Fire brigades. Firearms. Fires. Firewood. First Fleet. Fishermen’s Bend. Fitzroy. Fitzroy Gardens. Fitzroy Street. Five-Mile Creek. Flags. Flagstaff Hill. Flemington. Flinders Lane. Flinders Street. Flogging. Floods. Food. Footscray. Forgery. Franklin Street. Free Presbyterian Church. Freemasons. Friendly Brothers’ Society. Friendly societies. Fulton Street. Funerals. Gaols, general, Collins Street. Gardiner’s Creek. Gas. Geelong. Gellibrand River. George Street. Georges Ltd. Gertrude Street. Gipps Street. Gippsland. Gisborne Street. Goats. Gold rushes. Government House. Government offices. Grocers. Gunpowder. Hamilton. Harbour Master’s Department. ‘Hartlands’ (property, Heidelberg). Hawthorn. Healy’s timber yard. Heidelberg. Heidelberg Road. Hides. Highlandman Hotel. Hobson’s Bay. Hoddle Street. Holy Trinity Church. Homosexuality. Horses. Government Hospital. Hotham Street. Hours of work. Hulks. Humbug Reach. Hypnotism. Immigrants. Imperial Hotel. Imports. India and Australia Royal Mail. Insolvencies. Insurance. Interest. Invasion fears. Ireland. Irish. Ivanhoe. Jetties. Jews. John Knox Church. Johnston Street. Jolimont. Juries. Kalkallo. Keilor. Kew. Kilmore. King Island. King Street. Kings Bridge. Kitchens. Koonung Koonung Creek. Kooyong Koot Creek. Kooyong Road. Kororoit Creek. Lamb Inn. Land and emigration bodies. Land boom. Land sales. La Trobe Golf Club. La Trobe Street. Laundry work. Laverton. Leather. Legal system. Legislative Council of New South Wales. Legislative Council of Victoria. Lennox Street. Libraries. Lighthouses. Lighting. Lime burning. Lincolnshire Arms. Liquor trade. Little Bourke Street. Little Collins Street. Little Lonsdale Street. Little River. Liver disease. Liverpool Mart. London attitudes to Melbourne. London Mart. Lonsdale Street. ‘Lucerne’ (property). Lunatics: general, asylums. Lynch’s Bridge. McCabe’s Store. Magistrates. Maidstone. Main’s Bridge. Malvern Road. Manchester Unity IOOF [Independent Order of Oddfellows]. Manningham Road. Maps. Maribyrnong. Maribyrnong River. Market Square. Market Street. Marriage. Masters and Servants Act. Masturbation. Mayors of Melbourne. Mechanics’ Institute. Medical Board. Medical Hall. Medicines. Melbourne: described, expansion, maps. Melbourne Auction Company. Melbourne Benefit Building Society. Melbourne Bridge Company. Melbourne Club. Melbourne Corporation, see: Municipal government. Melbourne Fire and Marine Insurance Company. Melbourne Fire Prevention Society. Melbourne Harbour Trust. Melbourne Hospital. Melbourne Labour Committee. Melbourne Ladies Welfare Society. Melbourne Sawyers Benefit Society. Melbourne Tavern. Melbourne Water Company. ‘Melbourne Weekly Courier’ (newspaper). Merchants. Merri Creek. Merrijig Inn. Merrilands Keon Park. Meteorology. Metropolitan Fire Brigade. Middle Park. Military. Militia. Mont Albert. Mont Park. Moonee Ponds. Moonlight Head. Moor Street. Moorabbin. Moreton Bay. Mornington Peninsula. Mount Aitken. Mount Alexander Road. Mount Disappointment. Mount Eliza. Mount Gambier. Mount Macedon. Mounted Police. Mulgrave. Municipal government. Murder. Museums. Music. Muston’s Creek. Napier Street. Nar-Nar-Goon. National Hotel. Native Police. Nelson Place. Nepean Highway. New Street. New Town, see: Collingwood. Newport. Newspapers. Nicholson Street. Noble’s Circus. No Good Damper Inn. North Melbourne. North Road. North Wharf. Northcote. Northumberland Hotel. Noxious industries. Nunawading. Oakleigh. Oddfellows. Old Club House Hotel. Old England Hotel. Orange riots. Organs (church). Orphans. Otway National Park. Palmer Street. Palmer’s public house. Park Street. Particular Baptists. Party Processions Act. Pascoe Vale. Pastoral Hotel. Pastoral Society. Pavilion Theatre. Peel Street. Pentonville. Pentridge Gaol. Pentridge Inn. Pentridge locality, see: Coburg. Pharmacists. Pier Hotel. Pigs. Pilots. Pioneer Church. Plenty River. Point Gellibrand. Point Henry. Point Lonsdale. Point Nepean. Police. Police Court (Swanston Street). Police Paddock. Pollution. ‘Pony express’. Population. Port Fairy. Port Melbourne. Port Phillip Association. Port Phillip Bank. Port Phillip Bay. Port Phillip Club Hotel. ‘Port Phillip Gazette’. ‘Port Phillip Herald’. ‘Port Phillip Magazine’. Port Phillip Medical Association. ‘Port Phillip Patriot’. Port Phillip Steam Navigation Company. Port Phillip Temperance Society. Port Phillip Volunteers. Port regulations. Portland. Portsea. Post offices. Postage stamps. Postal services. Pounds. Powder magazine. Powlett Street. Prahran. Presbyterian Church. Preston. Prince of Wales Hotel. Princes Bridge. Princes Street. Printing. Prize-fights. Processions. Prostitution. Protestant Hall. Public health. Public servants. Public works. Publicans. Punt Inn. Punt Road. Punts. Quarantine. Quarrying. Quarter Sessions. Queen Street. Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria Hospital. Queen’s Birthday. Queen’s Bridge. Queen’s Parade. Queen’s Theatre. Queen’s Wharf. Queenscliff, see Shortland’s Bluff. Racing. Railways. Rates. Rechabites. Red Lion Inn. Regiments: 11th; 28th; 58th; 80th; 99th. Reilly Street. Religious belief. Rents. Retreat Inn. Richmond. Rifle range. The Rip. River Enscoe. Roads. Roman Catholic Church. ‘Rose Anna Farm’. ‘Rossbegh Cottage’. Royal Exchange Hotel. Royal Highlander Hotel. Royal Hotel, Melbourne. Royal Hotel, St Kilda. Royal Mail Hotel. Royal Park. Royal Victoria Theatre. Russell Street. Rye. St Andrew’s Day. St Francis Church. St Helena. St Heliers’ (property). St James Building Society. St James Church. St John’s Tavern. St Kilda. St Michael’s Church. St Patrick’s Cathedral. St Patrick’s Day. St Patrick’s Hall. St Patrick’s Society. St Paul’s Church. St Paul’s Cathedral. St Peter’s Church. Salt Water River, see: Maribyrnong River. Sandridge, see: Port Melbourne. Sanitation. Savings Bank of New South Wales. Savings Bank of Port Phillip. Sawmills. Schoolhouses [schools]. Scotch College. Scotchman’s Creek. Scots. Scots Church. Scots School. Scottish Hotel. Scott’s Hotel. Seal Point. Seamen. Separation [of Victoria from New South Wales]. Seraphine [reed instrument for music at church services]. Settlers’ House. Sexual offences. Seymour. Shakespeare Hotel. Shamrock Inn. Shaw’s Hotel. Sheep. Shingles, roofing. Ship Inn, Footscray. Ship Inn, Melbourne. Ship Inn, Williamstown. SHIPS AND SHIPPING: general; Allan Ker; Aphrasia; Apollo; Bangalore; Barossa; HMS Bramble; Brilliant; Cains; Canton; Cataraqui; Corsair; David Clarke; Devonshire; Duke of Roxburgh; Dunvegan Castle; Earl Grey; Earl of Durham; Eden; Ellen; Ellen and Elizabeth; Fairy Queen; Firefly; Flying Fish; Frankfield; Gem; General Stewart; Georgiana; Gilmore; Governor Arthur; Governor Ready; Griper; Hashemy; Herald; Isabella; Jane Cain; Joseph Cripps; Katherine Stewart Forbes; Lady McNaghten; Lloyds; Lord Keane; Lysander; Manchester; Margaret Connell; Marquis of Hastings; Mary; Mary Nixon; Melbourne; Mellish; Navarino; Norfolk; Parmelia; Pickwick; Platina; Portsea; Prince George; Randolph; Ranger; HMS Rattlesnake; Royal Consort; Royal George; Salsette; Samuel Cunard; Sea Horse; Shamrock; Sir Edward Parry; Surrey; Surry; Teazer; Thomas Laurie; Vesta; Wallace; Warlock; Westminster; William Jardine; William Metcalfe; Wombat; York. Shortland’s Bluff. Sidney Myer Music Bowl. Simpson’s Road, see: Victoria Street. Smallpox. Smith Street. Smuggling. Soap. Social classes. Solicitors. Sorrento. South Melbourne. South Road. South Yarra. Southern Cross Hotel. Southy’s store. Special surveys. Spencer Street. Sperm oil. Spirits. Sport, see: Amusements. Spotswood. Spring Creek. Spring Street. Squatters. Squatters’ Rest Hotel. ‘Stanney’ (homestead). Stanway’s Hotel. State Savings Bank. Station Pier. Steam power. Stocks. Stonemasons. The Strand, Williamstown. Strangers’ Friend Society. Strikes. Stringybark Forest. Studley Park. Suburbs. Sunday observance. Supreme Court. Supreme Court Hotel. Surgery. Surrey Hills. Survey Paddock. Survey Park. Surveyors. Swanston Street. Swedish Church. Sydney, attitudes to Melbourne. Sydney Road. Synagogues. Syphilis. Tailors’ Union. Tanning, see: Hides; Leather. Tarban Creek. Tarraville. Telescopes. Temperance. Templestowe. Theatre Royal. Theatres. Tickets of leave. Time ball. Tobacco. ‘Toorak House’. Toorak Road. Total Abstinence Society. Town Hall. Trade unions. Transport. Traveller’s Rest Hotel, Dandenong Road. Traveller’s Rest Hotel, Fitzroy. Treadmill. Treasury Gardens. ‘Trivolia’ (property, Prahran). ‘Truganina’ Run. Tullamarine. ‘Turinville’ (property, Kew). ‘Twelve Apostles’. Typhoid. Unemployment. Union Bank. Union Club. Unitarian Church. United Insurance Companies’ Fire Brigade. Uniting Church. University of Melbourne. Vaccination. Vagrants. Van Diemen’s Land. Victoria Benefit Society. Victoria Dock. Victoria Electoral Districts Act. Victoria Estate Company. Victoria Fire and Marine Insurance Company. Victoria Foundry. Victoria Hotel. Victoria House. Victoria Market. Victoria named. Victoria Parade. Victoria Saloon. Victoria Street. Victoria Tannery. Victorian Geological Survey. Victorian Horticultural Society. Victorian Volunteers. Wages. Walhalla. Wallan. ‘Wando Vale’ (property). Warringal, see: Heidelberg. Watch houses / watchhouses. Water frontages. Water Police. Water supply. Watsonia. Wattle bark. ‘Wattlehouse’ (property, St Kilda). Webb Street. Wellington Parade. Wells. Welsh Presbyterian Church. Werribee. Wesleyan Methodist Church. West Channel. West Melbourne. Western Market. Western Port. Westgate Bridge. Whale boats. Whalers. Wharves, private. William Street. William Tell Tavern. Williamstown. Willsmere Road. Will Will Rook Parish. Women. Wool industry. Woolpack Inn, Melbourne. Woolpack Inn, Williamstown. Working conditions. Yan Yean. Yarra Bend. ‘Yarra Grange’ (property). Yarra House. Yarra River. Young and Jackson’s Hotel. Young Queen Hotel. Zion Particular Baptist Church.


INDEX available on library computers.